Cataracts happen when the lens of the eye forms a cloudy patch or area. They are a common part of the ageing process, typically developing as the proteins in our eyes get older.
At the initial phase of cataracts, their effect on vision may be mild. Stronger prescription glasses or even brighter lighting may mitigate their impact at that stage.
Later on, however, the only effective treatment for them at the moment is cataract surgery. If you are considering this procedure for your own case, you may have several questions. This guide aims to outline the key points to consider when making your decision.
When Is the Right Time for Cataract Surgery?
Previously, the prevailing medical advice was to wait for cataracts to “ripen” or “mature” before their removal through invasive (surgical) procedures.
However, this is no longer the generally accepted recommendation. Today, ophthalmologists suggest surgery as soon as the cataract begins to interfere with the quality of life or daily activities.
Common signs that it may be time for cataract surgery include difficulty driving, especially at night, and trouble navigating areas due to increased glare and halos around light sources. Another common symptom is difficulty performing close-up tasks such as reading.
If your current vision issues are already getting in the way of your job, household tasks, or commute, it may be time to discuss cataract surgery with an eye doctor.
Understanding the Procedure
Cataract surgery is among the most frequently performed surgical procedures worldwide. It is often done on an outpatient basis and with only local anaesthesia.
This means you will be able to go home on the same day as the procedure, and you will be awake during it. Your eye will be numbed, however, to ensure that you feel no pain.
Cataract surgery involves breaking up the cloudy part of the lens (the cataract itself), then removing it. The breaking up is often achieved with the use of high-frequency sound waves in a process called phacoemulsification.
Once the cataract has been broken up, it is removed from the lens. It is then replaced with a clear intraocular lens, also known as an IOL.
Note that cataract surgery typically takes 30 minutes for each eye. Some patients only need cataract surgery in one eye, but it is possible that to may need it for both.
How Successful Is Cataract Surgery?
Cataract surgery success rates vary, but are generally fairly high. Some estimates place the success rate at around 97% while others put it at 99%.
Success for cataract surgery patients is defined as an improvement in vision following the procedure and complete recovery from it.
Choosing Intraocular Lenses (IOLs)
There are multiple IOLs available now for cataract patients. Your ophthalmologist can guide you on what each lens type offers and which may best suit your needs and budget.
- Monofocal IOLs – The most common, often covered by basic insurance. They offer clear vision at only one distance (usually far).
- Multifocal IOLs – Premium lenses designed to provide clear vision at multiple distances. These can reduce reliance on glasses or even eliminate the need for them.
- Toric IOLs – Premium lenses designed to correct astigmatism.
Recovery and Post-Op Care
Recovery from cataract surgery is often fast. Most patients even report improvements in vision within days of the procedure.
Complete healing may take several weeks, however. Patients will also need to follow specific instructions during the recovery period, which may include using protective eye shields at night for the first week. Antibiotic and anti-inflammatory eye drops may also be used.
Bending, heavy lifting, and strenuous activity will likely be prohibited for the first few weeks following your procedure. Such activities can strain the healing eye and lead to complications.
